The Smalcald Articles are a summary of Lutheran doctrines, written by Martin Luther, which declared the positions on which Lutherans could not concede. This would serve as an agenda for a Council with the Roman Catholics, and is often thought of as Luther's "last will and testament," although Luther did not die while it was being written. Melanchthon then contributed to this work with the Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope, which was appended to the Smalcald Articles. The articles are named after the German town of Smalcald.

Although the intended Council was never held, the Smalcald Articles were seen as a supplement to the other Confessions of the Lutheran Church and are still used today. They are included in the Book of Concord.