The Lateran Treaties of February 11, 1929 provided for the mutual recognition of the then-Kingdom of Italy and the Vatican City. The treaties were negotiated between Cardinal Secretary of State Pietro Gasparri on behalf of the Holy See, and Benito Mussolini, the Fascist leader, as Prime Minister of Italy. There are three treaties:

• A treaty recognising the independence and sovereignty of the Holy See and creating the State of the Vatican City. It declared the following to be extra-territorial property of the Holy See (although remaining part of Italian territory): The basilicas and buildings of Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano (Coelian hill), St. Mary Major (Esquiline hill), St. Paul-outside-the-Walls (~2 km South of Rome), and the Holy Apostles Quirinal hill, and the churches of Saint Andrea-della-Valle (NE of Campo De' Fiore) and San Carlo-ai-Catinari (SE of Campo De' Fiore) with their adjoining buildings, the palace of San Callisto (Trastevere) and the papal summer residence, Castel Gandolfo (Alban Hills, ~20 km SE of Rome). (see Properties
  
  
  
  of the Holy See)
• A concordat (also known as the Lateran Concordat) defining the civil and religious relations between the government and the church within Italy (summarised in the motto: "free church in free State").
• A financial convention providing the Holy See with compensation for its losses in 1870.

Through the concordat, the Pope agreed to submit candidates for bishop and archbishop to the Italian government, to require bishops to swear allegiance to the Italian state before taking offices, and to forbid the clergy from taking part in politics. Italy agreed to submit its rules on marriage and divorce to make them conformable to the rules of the Roman Catholic Church, and to exempt clergy from military conscription. The treaties granted the Roman Catholic Church the status of the established church in Italy. They also gave the Roman Catholic Church substantial control over the Italian educational system.

The treaties were revised in 1985, primarily to remove the establishment of the Catholic Church in Italy.

See also

• Prisoner in the Vatican
• Properties of the Holy See

Pactos de Letrán Accords du Latran 라테란 조약 Patti lateranensi ההסכמים הלטרניים Verdrag van Lateranen ラテラノ条約 Lateranoverenskomsten Traktaty laterańskie Tratado de Latrão Латеранские соглашения Lateránske zmluvy Lateranfördraget 拉特兰条约