Black theology is a Christian theology of liberation. Methodist James Cone is still considered its leading theologian, though now there many scholars who have contributed a great deal to the field. One of its major concerns is with the historic and present racism in western civilization (especially Christendom) and the ways in which Jesus urged his disciples to seek freedom for all people.

As with all liberation theologies, black theology focuses on those who are oppressed and/or poor. Through its intentionally particular lens, black theology seeks to contribute to the liberation of black peoples. Some of the other black liberation theologians are Dwight N. Hopskins, J. Deotis Roberts, Theo Witvliet, Gayraud S. Wilmore, Diana L. Hayes, Katie Cannon, M. Shawn Copeland, Jamie T. Phelps, OP, and Anthony B. Pinn.